Water disinfection systems are designed to chemically eliminate harmful microorganisms such as fungi, bacteria, and viruses from water sources, ensuring safe consumption and preventing waterborne diseases. These systems utilize various disinfectants such as chlorine, ozone, ultraviolet (UV) light, and chloramine, each targeting different types of pathogens through oxidation or disruption of cellular functions. Disinfection processes effectively reduce microbial populations to levels that are considered safe for human health and comply with regulatory standards. In contrast, antiseptics are substances that inhibit microbial growth and prevent their spread on surfaces or within tissues without necessarily eradicating them completely. They are commonly used in healthcare settings, personal hygiene products, and wound care to minimize infection risks. Both disinfection and antiseptic methods play critical roles in public health by reducing the transmission of infectious agents and maintaining sanitary conditions in various environments.